Chaos-based image encoding using Elementary Cellular Automata

A modern encoding algorithm in image processing is presented, this algorithm depends on Elementary Cellular Automata (ECA) and a combination of (2D, 3D) chaotic system. First, Arnold Cat Map (ACM) is utilized as a preprocessing for image shuffling and substitution. After that, 2D Duffing map is utilized to obtain the initial condition of the ECA. Next, Bogdanov map and the eight ECA rules along with the initial condition are exploited in the substitution step. Lastly, magic square shuffling is implemented and the encoding outcome image is obtained. This presented algorithm possesses some advantages such as big key space, high randomness, complex cryptographic structure, and fast encoding/decoding speed.